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Sulfur (or Sulphur in British English) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. 

Under normal conditions, sulfur hydrolyzes very slowly to mainly form hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid: 1⁄2 S8 + 4 H2O → 3 H2S + H2SO4. The reaction involves adsorption of protons onto S8 clusters, followed by disproportionation into the reaction products

 Being abundantly available in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times and is referred to in the Torah (Genesis). English translations of the Christian Bible commonly referred to burning sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to the term "fire-and-brimstone" sermons, in 

which listeners are reminded of the fate of eternal damnation that await the unbelieving 

and unrepentant. It is from this part of the Bible that Hell is implied to "smell of sulfur" (likely due to its association with volcanic activity). 

According to the Ebers Papyrus, a sulfur ointent was used in ancient Egypt to treat 

granular eyelids. Sulfur was used for fumigation in pre-classical Greece. This is 

mentioned in the Odyssey. Pliny the Elder discusses sulfur in book 35 of his 

Natural History, saying that its best-known source is the island of Melos. 

He mentions its use for fumigation, medicine, and bleaching cloth 

Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature. Because it is considered a byproduct of natural gas production, it is non-metallic. It is bright yellow 

and has an awful odor (like rotten eggs). Humans have consumed this substance for over thousands of years, despite its apparent physical characteristics. This substance is yellow 

in color and is most commonly encountered in crystal form as a mineral. 

At room temperature, this substance is a nonreactive gas. Hot springs and volcanoes are common places to find this substance. Sulphur is the primary source in the production of Sulphuric acid, the world’s most widely used chemical. Sulfur can be used in agriculture 

and various industries such as plastics and many synthetic products, paper, paint, etc... Sulphuric acid is used by the fertilizer industry to manufacture primarily phosphates, nitrogen, potassium, and sulphate fertilizers. 

In producing chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfates, synthetic detergents, dye and pigment mixtures, explosives, and pharmaceuticals, it is a common ingredient in the process. It is used to remove contaminants from gasoline and other refinery products during the process of petroleum refining. Iron and steel are pickled (cleaned) using this substance before being plated with tin or zinc. This substance is used to make rayon. Batteries that 

use lead-acid electrolytes are ubiquitous in automobiles (acid for this use, containing about 

33 percent H2SO4 and with a specific gravity of about 1.25, is often called battery acid).

One of the direct uses of sulfur is in vulcanization of rubber, where polysulfide chains crosslink organic polymers. Large quantities of sulfites are used to bleach paper and to preserve dried fruit. Many surfactants and detergents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate) are 

sulfate derivatives. Calcium sulfate, gypsum, is mined on the scale of 100 million 

tonnes each year for use in Portland cement and fertilizers.  

Demand for sulfur is driven by increasing usage of elemental sulfur as a major ingredient 

in the vulcanization process implemented to make rubber. Global markets are segmented based on end-user applications, including agrochemicals, chemical processing, metal manufacturing, and petroleum refining 

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Purity on dry basis    ----->   99.7% Min 

Ash Content              ----->   0.05% Max 

Acidity                      ----->   0.02% Max 

Moisture Content       ----->   0.05% Max 

Minimum Size           ----->   2-7 mm 

Organic Compounds   ----->   0.05% Max 

Colour                        ----->   Yellow or bright yellow 

Size Distribution:

2-8mm >90%, < 2mm 10% Max, > 7mm 10% Max 

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