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Product Identification
Chemical Name: Urea
Synonym: CAS NO: 57-13-6
Chemical Name: Carbony ldiamide
Chemical Formula: (NH2)2CO or CH4N2O
Urea is nitrogen fertilizer with an NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) ratio of 46-0-0. The chemical formula of the urea is close in composition to the organic formulation of the urea, which also provides a number of advantages in the mass use for feeding crops. Although urea is naturally produced in humans and animals, synthetic urea is manufactured with anhydrous ammonia.
History of Urea Fertilizer
Urea was first isolated from urine in 1773 by the French chemist “Hilaire-Marin Rouelle”.
Its preparation by the German chemist “Friedrich Wöhler” from ammonium cyanate in 1828 was the first generally accepted laboratory synthesis of a naturally occurring organic compound from inorganic materials. Urea is now prepared commercially in vast amounts from liquid ammonia and liquid carbon dioxide. These two materials are combined under high pressures and elevated temperatures to form ammonium carbamate, which then decomposes at much lower pressures to yield urea and water.
What is Urea Fertilizer
Urea, also called CARBAMIDE, the diamide of carbonic acid. Its formula is H2NCONH2. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in all mammals and some fishes.
The material occurs not only in the urine of all mammals, but also in their blood, bile, milk, and their perspiration. In the course of the breakdown of proteins, amino groups (NH2) are removed from the amino acids that partly comprise proteins. These amino groups are converted to ammonia (NH3),
which is toxic to the body and thus must be converted to urea by the liver. The urea then passes
to the kidneys and is eventually excreted in the urine. About 90% of the world’s urea production
is for use as nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Because its Nitrogen content is high and is readily converted to ammonia in the soil, urea is one of the most concentrated nitrogenous fertilizers. An inexpensive compound, that can be incorporated in mixed fertilizers as well as being applied alone to the soil or sprayed on foliage. With formaldehyde, it gives methylene–urea fertilizers, which release nitrogen slowly, continuously, and uniformly, a full year’s supply being applied at one time. Although urea nitrogen is in non-protein form, it can be utilized by ruminant animals (cattle, sheep), and a significant part of these animals’ protein requirements can be met in this way. The use of urea to make urea–formaldehyde resin is second in importance only to its use as a fertilizer. Large amounts of urea are also used for the synthesis of barbiturates. Urea reacts with alcohols to form urethanes and with malonic esters to give barbituric acids.
Urea Production Method
In common with most commercial nitrogen fertilizers, urea is manufactured from anhydrous ammonia (NH3). The high analysis of urea—46% N—is the main reason for the low cost of this form of nitrogen fertilizer. In the industry, urea is produced from carbon dioxide and ammonia. Usually, a large amount
of carbon dioxide is produced during the process of producing ammonia from coal, natural gas, or oil. This causes direct urea from the combination of these materials. The basis for the production of urea
was made in 1922 under the name of the Urea Process by “Bosch-Meiser”. There are various processes for the production of urea in different conditions, which have more production losses than the process.
This process involves two major equilibrium reactions:
- No reaction of dry ammonia liquid with dry ice
-The second reaction is the conversion of ammonia carbamide to urea in water.
Unreactive materials are used to produce other materials, including ammonium nitrate or ammonium
Different Types of Urea Fertilizers
Urea fertilizer in terms of its shape is divided into two groups of granules and peril. Usually, both have the same analysis and 46% nitrogen. However, they are different in terms of size, size and hardness
The Difference between (Granular Urea & Prilled Urea)
Prilled fertilizer is usually softer than granular. Usually the size of pearl is between 1 up to 2/4 mm but Granule is between 2 up to 4 mm. The physical structure of the urea fertilizer is the key factor to its mechanical and physical properties such as flow ability and avoidance of caking, while thermal and chemical properties are unlikely to be affected. The results confirm that both prilled and granulated urea are of a very similar composition and thermal characteristics (melting point). The only key difference between them is the internal structure of granules, which is the fundamental key to their mechanical properties. The strength measurement show granulated urea have a higher strength as their prominent size and internal structure, while prills performed weaker strength having the small size. Some farmers prefer granules because they are gradually absorbed, and others think prill is better for faster absorption.
Use & Applications of Urea
Aside from its common use as fertilizer. Urea is an industrial product that is usually used as feed additive for livestock. Urea is also an industrial product that is used in the manufacture of synthetic resins with various applications such as plastics, adhesives, moldings, laminates, plywood, particleboard, textiles, and coatings .Urea is an industrial product used in the production of pharmaceutical products. Other minor uses are as rehydrating lotion, diuretics, deicers, and cold-compresses.
Industrial Consumption
- Preparation of fire powder - Nitrate urea, an explosive type.
- Pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries - Types of plastics, in particular urea formaldehyde resins.
- Potassium cyanide, as the starting material of some industries.
- Types of adhesives, such as urea formaldehyde and urea melamine formaldehyde
Agriculture Consumption
- Urea is used in the production of nitrogen fertilizer called UAN
- Urea is used as an additive in the production of chemical fertilizers such as NPK
- Urea is used in some formulations of animal feed and poultry in a very low amount
- Urea is used directly as a fertilizer in solid state and in granular and peril models in agriculture.
Blending Urea w. Other Fertilizers
In general, urea provides the most nitrogen at the most affordable cost, but it is a great fertilizer option to blend with others for plants that love acidic soils. Urea nitrogen fertilizer may be blended with monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate. Due to chemical reactions, urea cannot be mixed with superphosphate unless applied immediately after blending. This reaction will cause the material to be damp and hard to store.
Urea Storage
Urea absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and the surface of the air, it is typically used to store it. In addition, if you need to store it in bulk, it should be covered with a special cover and water insulator. It is also recommended that urea be stored, as well as many other solid fertilizers, in a cool and dry place, where the ventilation is well done.
Urea Packaging
Bag
G. Weight: 50 kg (± 200 gm) - Dimensions: 98 * 60 cm -
Outer Layer: PP Woven Bag - Inner Layer: PE – Polyethylene
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Big Bag
G. Weight: 1,000 kg (± 5 kg) - Dimensions: 87 * 87 * 120 cm
Outer Layer: PP Woven Bag - Inner Layer: PE – Polyethylene
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Bulk
Load Rate: 8000 MT/Day - Beam: 30 m
L.O.A: 230 m - Draft: Max 14 m
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